SOME STEPS OF QUANTUM TELEPORTATION
SOME
STEPS OF QUANTUM TELEPORTATION
The first quantum teleportation experiments were carried out between 1993 and 1997, by two international research groups, led respectively by Francesco De Martini from La Sapienza University in Rome and Anton Zeilinger from the Institute of Experimental Physics in Vienna. They were able to teleport the quantum state of a photon.
In 2004:
De Martini carried out a teleportation of photons from one part to another of the Danube covering a distance of 600 meters.
Two groups of scientists, one from the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the United States and one from the University of Innsbruck in Austria, were able to teleport some of the properties of atoms for the first time. The Americans worked with beryllium atoms while the Austrians with calcium atoms.
In 2006:
Some researchers from Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen teleported a collective state from a group of about a trillion of atoms to another. The Teleportation applied to the atoms, i.e. to the matter, is a very delicate process compared to that made on photons, due to the process of decoherence. This process, due to interactions with the environment, destroys the quantum effects, including Entanglement.
In 2010:
in China, the researchers of the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences reached 16 km in the teleportation of photons without the support of optical fibers.
In 2012:
A group of researchers succeeded in realizing the quantum teleportation of the information relating to a complicated system of about 100 million of rubidium atoms that had a magnitude of about one millimeter.
The study was conducted by Jian-Wei Pan of the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, with the collaboration of the researchers of the University of Science and Technology in China and of the University of Heidelberg.
For the teleportation, scientists prepared in laboratory an entangled pair of granules of rubidium. Entangled granules were placed at the distance of about half a meter and then the two systems were connected by an optical fiber, 150 meters long and rolled up on itself. Before performing the process of quantum teleportation, the scientists mapped the state of excitation of the rubidium atoms in a photon that traveled along the optical fiber. It was possible to realize the teleportation by the interaction between the photon “messenger” with another photon and with the second system of atoms.
The team of researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China in Shanghai, was able to teleport more than 1100 photons in 4 hours covering a distance of 97 km of free space, establishing a new record and overcoming the distance of 16 km obtained from the previous experiment in 2010.
The research team of the Optical Ground Station of the European Space Agency (ESA) in the Canary Islands settled down a new world record on the distance about the quantum teleportation, reproducing the characteristics of a light particle to a distance of 143 km (between Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope La Palma and ESA's Tenerife Train optical).
In 2013:
A group of physicists from the research center Quantop at the Niels Bohr Institute of the University of Copenhagen teleported informations between two clouds of gas atoms of cesium far from each other half a meter. The physicists used two glass containers that were not connected and the teleportation of the information from one cloud to another occurred by means of laser light.
In 2014:
A group of physicists from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) teleported, using an optical fiber, the quantum state of a photon in a crystal (which functioned as memory bank), located 25 Km away, overcoming the previous record of 6 km, obtained by the same team 10 years ago. In practice, the quantum state of a photon has been transferred into the matter.
In 2016:
A group of researchers from the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Canada, was able to demonstrate for the first time the entanglement of photons on urban fiber optic networks, teleporting their quantum states for 6 km.
This Canadian study shows that the teleportation of quantum information is technically possible on an urban network and this is a first step towards future Internet, where computers will have their computing power based on the different configurations of quantum states of atoms and will be able to communicate through Entanglement.
On 16 August 2016, China launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi desert, “Micius” the first quantum satellite. One of the tasks of the satellite is to verify the quantum entanglement of two photons placed in two points at the distance of 1200 km. The main mission of Micius however is to establish a hacker-proof communication channel between China and Europe (on a distance of 7400 km) [Learn more: Entanglement goes to space ].